（1）预处理
反渗透系统的效率和寿命与原水的预处理效果密切相关。通过预处理可以有效地减少进水对膜的污染、结垢、损伤风险，使膜的使用寿命延长，降低运行费用。
（2）进水的pH值
pH值的高低对膜系统的性能也有很大的影响，垃圾渗滤液在进入DTRO之前需将pH值调为酸性，一方面可以防止难溶无机盐结垢，另一方面可以使渗滤液中游离氨与加入的酸形成二价氨盐，而DTRO对类似多价离子的截留率很高，这就能提高最难去除的氨氮的去除率。
改变进水pH值会对反渗透膜的透过性产生影响，随着pH值的逐渐升高，透过液的流量与pH值成反比，pH值越高，透过液流量越小，但在pH值大于7后出现了拐点，之后pH值继续升高，透过液流量反而增大。因此，进水pH值偏酸性或偏碱性均有利于提高产水通量。
垃圾渗滤液水质本身极为复杂性且含盐量高，随着系统的运行，难溶盐易在系统末端积聚最终使膜片结垢影响透水量。所以，反渗透处理进水的pH值需控制为酸性，同时考虑后续减少加碱量，可将进水pH值范围控制在6左右。
（3）系统的运行压力
反渗透系统的运行压力是影响反渗透技术运行成本的最重要因素，对反渗透膜的正常使用也有极其重要的影响。由于渗滤液水质的特点，较高的压力有利于对污染物的截留。但是较高的压力也更容易造成膜组件的堵塞和污染。 膜系统的产水通量与运行压力近似呈现出线性关系。同时，膜系统的脱盐率也随进水压力的增大而升高。
（4）系统的回收率
回收率是反渗透的重要指标， 定义为透过液的体积除以原液体积。将电导率20000μs/cm 的渗滤液作为研究对象，控制进水压力在4.0MPa左右。调节回流泵同时调节控制阀，使进水流量与透过液产水量同步提升，从而改变膜组件的回收率，系统回收率与透过液通量成反比。这是因为反渗透过程是一个在进水端施加压力逆转稀溶液向浓溶液自然渗透的过程。
膜组件的脱盐率与透过液通量成正比， 这是因为低透过液通量时，进水侧的盐浓度相对较高，较大的盐通量和较低的透过液通量自然会出现脱盐率较低的结果。
（5）进水温度的影响
温度对膜片本身性能的影响十分严重， 随着温度的升高，水粘度逐渐下降，产水通量会逐渐升高。在对膜系统设计时应充分考虑温度对膜截留率的影响因素， 通过膜片厂商提供的修正系统以及其他方式， 将运行参数标准化有利于准确掌握系统的运行状况。
随着温度的升高，膜片的脱盐率逐渐降低，透过液的色度升高且水质变差。这是因为随着温度的升高，盐分透过膜片的扩散速率将逐渐加快，最终大于水透过膜片的速率，表现为膜片脱盐效率的降低。
(1) preprocessing
The efficiency and life of reverse osmosis system are closely related to the pretreatment effect of raw water. Pretreatment can effectively reduce the fouling, scaling and damage risk of the influent, prolong the service life of the membrane and reduce the operation cost.
(2) the pH value of the influent
The pH value also has a great influence on the performance of the membrane system. The landfill leachate needs to turn the pH value into acidity before entering the DTRO. On the one hand, it can prevent the insoluble inorganic salts from scaling. On the other hand, the free ammonia in the leachate and the added acid can form the two valence ammonia salt, and the retention of the DTRO like polyvalent ions is very high. It can improve the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen which is the most difficult to remove.
The change of the pH value of the influent will affect the permeability of the reverse osmosis membrane. With the increasing of the pH value, the flow flow is inversely proportional to the pH value. The higher the pH value, the smaller the flow flow, but the inflection point after the pH value is greater than 7, and then the pH value continues to rise and the flow flow increases. Therefore, the pH value of the influent is acidic or alkaline, which is conducive to increasing the water production flux.
The water quality of landfill leachate itself is very complex and has high salt content. With the operation of the system, the insoluble salts are easily accumulated at the end of the system and eventually make the scale of the diaphragm affect the permeability. Therefore, the pH value of the reverse osmosis water treatment should be controlled to be acidic. At the same time, the pH value range of the influent can be controlled to about 6 when considering the reduction of alkali addition.
(3) the operating pressure of the system
Reverse osmosis system operation pressure is the most important factor affecting the operation cost of reverse osmosis technology, and has a very important impact on the normal use of reverse osmosis membrane. Because of the characteristics of leachate, higher pressure is favorable for the interception of pollutants. But higher pressure is also more likely to cause blockage and pollution of membrane modules. There is a linear relationship between the flux and the operating pressure of the membrane system. At the same time, the desalination rate of membrane system increases with the increase of influent pressure.
(4) the recovery rate of the system
The recovery rate is an important index of reverse osmosis, which is defined as the volume of liquid through the volume divided by the volume of the original solution. The leachate with conductivity of 20000 s/cm was used as the research object to control the influent pressure of 4.0MPa. The reflux pump regulates the control valve at the same time, so as to synchronize the flow of water with the water output of the liquid, so that the recovery rate of the membrane module is changed, and the recovery rate of the system is inversely proportional to the flux through the liquid. This is because the reverse osmosis process is a process of applying pressure at the inlet end to reverse the natural infiltration of dilute solution into concentrated solution.
The desalination rate of the membrane component is proportional to the permeation flux, which is due to the relatively high salt concentration in the inlet side, and the relatively low desalination rate of the larger flux and the lower permeation flux.
(5) influence of water inlet temperature
The effect of temperature on the performance of the membrane is very serious. With the increase of temperature, the viscosity of water gradually decreases and the water production flux gradually increases. In the design of the membrane system, the influence factors of the temperature on the film interception should be fully considered. Through the correction system provided by the diaphragm manufacturers and other ways, the standardization of the operating parameters is beneficial to the accurate control of the operating condition of the system.
With the increase of temperature, the desalination rate of membrane decreases, the color of permeation liquid increases and the water quality becomes worse. This is because with the increase of temperature, the diffusion rate of the salt through the diaphragm will increase gradually, which is greater than the rate of water passing through the diaphragm, which shows the decrease of the desalination efficiency of the diaphragm.
